One-component nanocomposites (OCNs) based on “hairy nanoparticles” (HNPs) are attractive, because they exhibit properties to which both components - the nanoparticles as well as the grafted polymer – contribute to material properties, but unlike conventional nanocomposites, these materials do not suffer from mixing and phase separation problems. Systems based on high-aspect ratio “hairy nanorods” (HNRs) can be produced in a versatile process that offers high yield, is readily scalable, and inexpensive. Moreover, OCNs provide the possibility to control properties and introduce functionalities through multi-scale design elements that range from the molecular to the mesoscopic level. This project targets the development of a new class of multi-functional, one-component nanocomposites. The new class of multi-functional, one-component nanocomposites are studied with the ultimate goal to create reinforced materials that do not suffer from the issues of mixing and phase separation observed in standard multi-component composites. This approach promises to afford easy-to-process nanocomposites that feature a unique combination of high stiffness, strength and toughness.