We investigate these dynamics across diverse biological environments, and our interdisciplinary approach encompasses several key areas, such as (nano)material behavior in complex environments and cellular uptake to trafficking mechanisms. Our work aims to understand how (nano)materials characteristics—such as size, surface charge, stability, and mechanical properties—affect their biological interactions and therapeutic efficacy. This knowledge drives the development of smart, stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for targeted applications and as cell substrates to direct cell behavior. Understanding these fundamental interactions advances nanomedicine, reduces systemic toxicity, and optimizes therapeutic delivery systems through improved material design.